• Organotins Standards

    Organotins Standards

    Organotins, also known as tin organics and stannanes, are organic compounds widely used in a variety of applications, including anti-fouling paints, agricultural biocides and industrial processes.

     

    They are typically found in sealants, adhesives, food packaging, plastic pipes, pesticides and paints. Due to its toxicity to human health and persistence in the environment, testing organotin has become critical.

     

    We offer the broadest, most unique portfolio of organotin reference materials to assist you.

     

    Browse our Organotins sell sheet to view the full range of products. 

  • PFAS standards

    PFAS standards

    PFAS testing can be highly challenging - that's why we make it easier with our NEW, convenient portfolio of PFAS reference materials.

     

    We have over 400 standards for your unique applications, with more on the way.

     

    Advance environmental and health safety with standards you can trust!

     

    Browse our PFAS sell sheet to view the full range of products. 

  • Microplastics: The world's first microplastic reference materials

    Microplastics: The world's first microplastic reference materials

    The wait is finally over! Our microplastic standards, MicroPRefs®, are now available for purchase. 

     

    Microplastics are tiny plastic particles, which can be unintentionally formed as a result of the breakdown of larger plastics.


    Microplastic and nanoplastic accumulation poses a great risk to the environment. Because of their small size, their bioavailability increases, meaning they can potentially impact many more species than larger objects, like macroplastics.  

     

    Are you testing for Microplastics?


    Download our Microplastics sell sheet to learn more about our MicroPRefs® range. 

  • 6PPD-Quinone Standards

    6PPD-Quinone Standards

     

    6PPD is an organic chemical commonly used as a stabilizing additive in rubbers which are common in vehicle tires. When it reacts with ozone in the air, 6PPD forms 6PPD-quinone.

    o   Suitable for use with Draft EPA Method 1634
    o   6PPD-quinone and 6PPD-quinone-d5
    o   Neat and 100 μg/mL solutions

     

    Explore our 6PPD-Quinone sell sheet. 

  • Featured product: Thermal paper developers

    Featured product: Thermal paper developers

    Thermal paper is a special fine type of printing paper which will change colour when exposed to heat. It is extensively used in inexpensive devices such as credit card terminals.

     

    The paper is coated with a dye and a developer, which change colour when exposed to heat. The colour former - often a pH sensitive leuco dye - will shift to black or various colours when the matrix solidifies.

     

    The substance predominantly used has been bisphenol A (BPA) because of its stability and heat resistance. Are you testing for bisphenols?
     

    Learn more about thermal paper developers in our Featured Product flyer. 

  • Featured product: Acetochlor

    Featured product: Acetochlor

    Acetochlor is a monocarboxylic acid amide that acts like an N-phenylacetamide.

     

    Its ability to control weeds by restricting seedling growth makes Acetochlor a commonly used chloroacetanilide herbicide. It is applied to various crops from cabbage and corn to maize and soybeans as it extends great control over most annual grassy weeds and several annual broadleaf weeds.

     

    Acetochlor may be highly effective however it does come with some disadvantages; the chemical is known to cause both skin and respiratory irritation as well as potentially triggering an allergic reaction.

     

    Find out more about Acetochlor in our featured product flyer. Download now.

  • Featured product: Diazinon

    Featured product: Diazinon

    Diazinon, a pesticide, belongs to a class of chemicals known as organophosphates which were originally presented in World War Two as nerve gases.

     

    The purpose of diazinon is to ensure the survival of various agricultural crops including – but not limited to – rice, tobacco, sugarcane and corn by killing the insects which may affect the crops' yield.

     

    The insecticide targets the nervous system and causes it to function ineffectively resulting in the eventual death of the insect.

     

    Find out more about Diazinon in our featured product flyer. Download now.

  • BMF 103 - Bisphenols

    BMF 103 - Bisphenols

    Bisphenols are a group of chemicals used to manufacture polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins applied in consumer products, including food and beverage can liners and plastic water bottles.

     

    Although the health effects of bisphenols are still debated, it is thought that the synthetic chemical, Bisphenol A (BPA), weakly mimics the human hormone oestrogen, potentially causing adverse health effects.

     

    Download BMF 103 - Bisphenols here

     

  • Consolidated catalogue | CHLOFFIN®

    Consolidated catalogue | CHLOFFIN®

    Chlorinated paraffins (CP) also known as polychlorinated n-alkanes (PCA), are produced as complex mixtures of thousands of isomers of different carbon  chain length and chlorination degree.

     

    CPs are used as high-temperature lubricants in metal-working machinery and as flame retardant plasticizers in vinyl plastics.

     

    In October 2019 the Eurostars CHLOFFIN® project was launched to address the lack of suitable standards for CPs.

     

    Download our consolidated CHLOFFIN® brochure here.

  • BMF 101 - Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats)

    BMF 101 - Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats)

    Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) are a group of chemicals that share a similar molecular structure, with one of several long chain hydrocarbons and short chain substitutions such as methyl, ether, and benzyl. Although useful in many products, especially those used in the fight against COVID-19, quats have become a cause for concern due to their impact on human and environmental health.

     

    Download BMF 101 - Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats) here.

     

     

  • Featured product: PIP (3:1) and TIPPP

    Featured product: PIP (3:1) and TIPPP

    Phenol isopropylated phosphate, otherwise known as PIP (3: 1) is used as a flame retardant, plasticizer, and additive in electronics and automobiles, among other applications. PIP (3: 1) is produced by isopropylation of trisphenyl phosphate. Trisisopropylated trisphenyl phosphate is referred to as TIPPP (Trisisopropyltrisphenyl phosphate).

     

    The compound was banned for processing and distribution by the US Environmental Agency (EPA) in January 2021. Despite its persistent, bio accumulative and toxic (PBT) properties, the EPA will not enforce the ban on PIP (3: 1) until October 31 , 2024.

     

    The justification was "to ensure that supply chains are not disrupted for key consumer and commercial goods". This followed concerns raised by importers, distributors, and retailers that it may take several years to fill the gap.

     

    Find out more in our featured product flyer .

  • Featured product: MeFBSAA

    Featured product: MeFBSAA

    N-Methyl-n-perfluorobutanesulfonylglycine (Methyl perfluorobutane sulfonamidoacetic acid; MeFBSAA) is a fluoroalkyl sulfonamide, belonging to the PFAS family. It was introduced as a replacement to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and is used in paper and carpet treatments for water and stain resistance. High concentrations have been found in landfill leachate from discarded clothing and paper products treated with a PFAS. High concentrations have also been reported downstream from fluorochemical manufacturing facilities, in a river used as a source for drinking water.

     

     Find our more in our  featured product flyer .

  • Featured product: Tralopyril

    Featured product: Tralopyril

    Tralopyril (TP) is a biocide that has recently been introduced into marine antifouling paints, applied to boat hulls or static structures such as oil rig and drilling platform legs, which are submerged under water.

     

    Find our more in our  featured product flyer .

  • BMF 87 - Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC)

    BMF 87 - Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC)

    Substances of Very High Concern (SVHCs) are chemicals that are subject to restriction within the European Union under the REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of CHemicals) Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, which came into force 1st June 2007. These substances pose potential impacts on both human health and the environment. A Candidate List of SVHC is maintained by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). The list and the respective Chiron standards are outlined in this BMF.

     

    Download the BMF newsletter here! 

     

  • BMF 81- PAHs in Tattoo Colors

    BMF 81- PAHs in Tattoo Colors

    Tattooing, performed by injection of inks into the dermis layer of skin using needles, is becoming increasingly popular.

    Nowadays, up to 25% US citizens and 10% of Europeans have tattoos.

    In the last couple of years the health risks from tattoo inks has been a topic of discussion, mainly related to hazardous substances such as PAHs, phthalates or phenols, as well as carbon black and metals.

    Chiron has built up a strong reputation in PAH reference materials; most of them are available as neat material as well as in solution.

     

    Click here to view the full newsletter

  • BMF 82- Triclosan

    BMF 82- Triclosan

    Triclosan (5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol; Cat. No. 8472.12) is an antimicrobial agent extensively used in soaps, shampoos, deodorants, toothpaste etc. and the content typically varies from 0.1-1%.


    Triclosan is a white crystalline substance with structural similarities to dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Its mechanisms of action, risk of bacterial resistance and its possible role in disruption of hormonal development has been controversial.


    Our interest in triclosan increased following purification of a commercial sample by repeated crystallizations, which yielded the PCDF 2,4,8-trichlorodibenzofuran (Cat. No. 11789.12) rather than triclosan itself.

     

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 79- Trixylyl phosphate (TXP)

    BMF 79- Trixylyl phosphate (TXP)

    Trixylyl phosphate (TXP) is a UVCB substance (substance of Unknown or Variable composition, Complex reaction products, or
    Biological materials), thus contains over 50 different constituents. It has no additives and is produced through the reaction of
    phosphorus oxytrichloride and xylenols. The xylenols (dimethylphenols) are present in a distillation fraction of naturally occurring
    coal tar derivatives, which also contains different ethyl phenols. The reaction of the different xylenols and ethylphenols results in
    alkylated triphenyl phosphates with a high amount of possible isomers that cannot be easily analysed according to ECHA (European
    chemical acency).

     

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 76- Drinking Water Quality

    BMF 76- Drinking Water Quality

    Clean and safe drinking water is essential for life! Therefore water quality, as well as taste and odour, are highly regulated and monitored. It is also a matter of public trust in your local drinking water.
    Off-flavours of drinking water are often taints of either products from microorganisms or from food products.
    Some algae, particularly blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) such as Anabaena, produce 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) together with other odourous chemicals such as geosmin. These two compounds typically affect the flavour of drinking water or fish living in that water.
    Geosmin has a distinct earthy flavour and taste, while 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) gives a musty and earthy flavour to water and is often associated with algal blooms. MIB is also a factor in cork-taint in wine-making.

     

    Download our BMF Newsletter on Water here!

  • BMF 69-RoHS

    BMF 69-RoHS

    The EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive (2011/65/EU) which came into force 3rd Jan. 2013, restricts the maximum allowable levels of six substances including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE); the latter two are used as flame retardants in electrical equipment. In order to produce such kinds of products within the EU or to import them into the EU, manufacturers are responsible for providing appropriate documentation.

     

    Download the BMF Newsletter here!

  • BMF 9 - Organotin analysis

    BMF 9 - Organotin analysis

    Organotin compounds are widely applied in the industry due to their antibacterial and fungicidal properties. Applications include preservation of wood, textiles, leather and paper, and as disinfectants. Due to their toxicity the use of trialkyltin compounds in marine antifoulding paints is restricted. The trialkyltin compounds are partly degraded to the di- and monoalkyltin derivatives.

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 14 - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

    BMF 14 - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

    Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been the subject of a broad range of studies and investigations because of their environmental persistency and bioaccumulation. Their abundance as pollutants stems from their worldwide manufacture as heavy-used industrial chemicals, e.g. Aroclors with the mainapplication as dielectric fluid in capacitors and transformators. PCBs are formed as mixtures by theaddition of chlorine to biphenyl.

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 15 - Polybrominated Diphenylethers (PBDEs) and other flame retardants

    BMF 15 - Polybrominated Diphenylethers (PBDEs) and other flame retardants

    PBDEs have been used as flame retardants over the past two decades, and are globally distributed in the environment. PBDEs accumulate in the food chain and there is a strong concern about the health effects of PBDE exposure.

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 19 - Oil in water analysis ISO METHODS 9377-2

    BMF 19 - Oil in water analysis ISO METHODS 9377-2

    ISO 9377-2: Hydrocarbon oil index The method of choice for the determination of oil and grease in water is the new standard ISO 9377-2, and is based on extraction with a hydrocarbon solvent like pentane or hexane. This test determines the hydrocarbon oil index in water by means of gas chromatography. The method is suitable for surface water, waste water, and water from sewage treatment plants, and allows the determination of the hydrocarbon oil index in concentrations above 0.1mg/L.

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 20 - Perfluorinated Organic Compounds

    BMF 20 - Perfluorinated Organic Compounds

    Perfluorinated Organic Compounds (PFCs) are used in numerous commercial products like fire protection agents, textile protection agents, floor polishers, detergents, paints, paper treatmentagents and electronic equipment.

    The biodegradation-route of the commercial telomers is currently under investigation and new metabolites are likely to be found. Chiron now offers a large range of PFCs and its telomeric acid, alcohols and possible metabolites.

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 24 - Deuterated Alkyl- and Aryltin compounds

    BMF 24 - Deuterated Alkyl- and Aryltin compounds

    Organotin compounds are widely applied in the industry due to their antibacterial and fungicidal properties. Applications include preservation of wood, textiles, leather and paper, and as disinfectants. Due to their toxicity the use of trialkyltin compounds in marine antifoulding paints is restricted. The trialkyltin compounds are partly degraded to the di- and monoalkyltin derivatives.

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 25 Alkylphenols I ISO 18857-1: 2005

    BMF 25 Alkylphenols I ISO 18857-1: 2005

    Water quality – Determination of selected alkylphenols.

    This method describes the procedure for analysis of tert-butylphenol (4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)phenol) and the isomer mixture of nonylphenols in water and is useful for the analysis of other alkylphenols in water.

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 28 - Phenol Ethoxylates

    BMF 28 - Phenol Ethoxylates

    Octyl- and nonylphenol ethoxylates are widely used as surfactants in soap. Due to their supected endrocrine disruptive behaviour, these compounds are now banned or restricted in several countries. A range of new pure isomers of ethoxylated octyl- and nonylphenol isomers, pure isomer mixtures and n-octyl and n-nonyl derivatives for use as calibration standards are now available, only from Chiron AS.

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 32 - Plasticizers: Phthalates and Adipates

    BMF 32 - Plasticizers: Phthalates and Adipates

    Phthalate and adipate esters are widely used as surfactants and in food and personal care products as plasticizers. Phthalates and adipates are also found in food as a result of leakage into food containers. Chiron offers a wide range of analytically pure deuterated and native phthalates and adipates, as well as mixes. Custom made mixes are available on request.

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 33 - Desphenylchloridazon-15N2

    BMF 33 - Desphenylchloridazon-15N2

    Desphenylchloridazon (desphenylpyrazon) is an important metabolite of the pesticide chloridazon (pyrazon) and is found in drinking water. Isotope labelled and native desphenylchloridazon is available from Chiron AS.

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 35 - Rearranged Hopanes

    BMF 35 - Rearranged Hopanes

    Triterpenoids in general, and specifically the hopanoids, easily undergo skeletal rearrangements where the methyl groups shifts positions, particular upon acid treatment. Several rearranged hopane-series have been identified:

    - Neohopanes
    - 17alpha(H)-Diahopanes
    - 28-nor-Spegulanes

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 36 - C30 Hopanes

    BMF 36 - C30 Hopanes

    Beside Norhopanes (C29, see BMF 7) C30 hopanes are the most common hopanes of sedimentary matter. The origin of the hopanes is the most abundant hopanoid in prokaryotes, C35 tetrahydroxybacteriohopane.

    Hopanes play an important role in geochemical investigations, and are diagnostic biomarker indicators and useful as proof of the origin in oil spill analysis, oil waste analysis and analysis of airborne particulates. They contribute to the so-called terpane fingerprint and are commonly used to relate oils with source rocks.

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 38 - Homohopanes and gammaceranes

    BMF 38 - Homohopanes and gammaceranes

    C31 to C35 homohopanes and pentacyclic triterpanes like gammacerane are constituents of sedimentary organic matter. The origin of the homohopanes is the most abundant hopanoid in prokaryotes, C35 tetrahydroxybacteriohopane.

    Gammacerane has frequently been associated with hypersaline lacustrine environments and gammacerane structures were shown to be reliable geochemical indicators for water column stratification in marine deposits. Gammacerane is one of several diagnostic biomarkers useful in oil spill analysis.

    Chiron offers an authentic gammacerane standard in addition to the C31 homohopanes for a safe identification. Gammacerane has a completely different MS than the C31 homohopanes and reference spectra obtained from the standards are useful for this reason.

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 40 - Priority PAHs

    BMF 40 - Priority PAHs

    Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occur in oil, coal, and tar deposits, and are found as pollution in air, water and soil. Amongst the PAHs are some of the most toxic compounds known. Some of the PAHs are known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic (linked to birth defects). Because of their wide distribution, it is therefore important to monitor these compounds.

     

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 41 - Deuterated Tin Chlorides

    BMF 41 - Deuterated Tin Chlorides

    Organotin compounds are widely applied in the industry due to their antibacterial and fungicidal properties. Applications include preservation of wood, textiles, leather and paper, and as disinfectants. Due to their toxicity the use of trialkyltin compounds in marine antifoulding paints is restricted. The trialkyltin compounds are partly degraded to the di- and monoalkyltin derivatives.

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

     

  • BMF 42 - X-ray contrast media

    BMF 42 - X-ray contrast media

    Iodinated X-ray Contrast Media (ICMs) are designed to be stable against the human metabolism. However, they also pass through the municipal wastewater system, and are frequently found in wastewater treatment plant effluents and in the receiving surface waters. ICMs themselves do not likely impose a high risk in humans due to the low toxicity, but the formation and relevance of a number of unidentified degradation products is unknown.

     

    Chiron offers a set of native and labelled Iodinated X-ray Contrast Media for HPLC-MS analysis.

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 43 - 13C Alkylphenolethoxylates II

    BMF 43 - 13C Alkylphenolethoxylates II

    Water quality – Determination of selected alkylphenols:

     

    ISO/DIS 18857-2: 2008


    Determination of alkylphenols, alkylphenol ethoxylates and bisphenol A – Method for non-filtered samples using solidphase extraction and gas chromatography with mass selective detection after derivation.

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 45 - COMICS Standards For Comet Assay Analysis

    BMF 45 - COMICS Standards For Comet Assay Analysis

    Our mission in the COMICS-project was to design and synthesize chemical agents that could induce reproducable amounts of damage in DNA. Several candidates were synthesized and tested for activity in the COMET ASSAY method. In addition other genotoxic compounds were purified to analytical Comet Assay grade.

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 51 PCNs PBNs and HaloPAHs

    BMF 51 PCNs PBNs and HaloPAHs

    Overview of available ChloroPAHs, Fluoro– and BromoPAHs.

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 54 - PAPS

    BMF 54 - PAPS

    Telomeric 6:2, 8:2 and 10:2 mono-,di– and tri-polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters

     

    It is recommended that the EU member states (recommendation 2010/161/EU, 17 March 2010) carry out the analysis of perfluoro-alkylated substances including PERFLUOROPHOSPHATE SURFACTANTS such as 8:2 mono-PAPS and 8:2 di-PAPS in order to relevance their presence in food.

     

    Chiron has developed a series of telomeric PAPS as reference standards, as well as internal standards.

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 55 - Nitrosamines and Nitramines

    BMF 55 - Nitrosamines and Nitramines

    It is well known that nitrosamines and nitramines can be dangerous to human health, animals and plant lives. There are several technologies which release them into the environment.

     

    CO2 capture causes a huge interest in these days. Solvents used for CO2 capture are often a mixture of severalamines according to the latest developments in this field. These amine compositions are not always known in detail.However, it is known that the amine blends for CO2 capture are recycled, but as a side reaction/effect a certain percentageof the amines are either degraded or emitted to air. The released amines are often unstable on air, and degradeto toxic substances like nitrosamines and nitramines.

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 58 - Alkyl PAHs

    BMF 58 - Alkyl PAHs

    Our selection of Alkyl PAHs.

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • BMF 59 - Cyclic Siloxanes

    BMF 59 - Cyclic Siloxanes

    Cyclic siloxanes are used in the manufacturing of silicones, in combination or alone in personal care products, and as carriers, lubricants and solvents in a variety of commercial applications. They are of interest due to their extensive use and the fact that certain siloxanes are persistent in the environment, resisting oxidation, reduction, and photodegradation.

     

    Chiron AS now offers high quality standards for analysis of cyclic siloxanes surfactants– get 15% discount when purchasing the whole set!

    Download the BMF newsletter here!

  • Phtalates/Plasticizers Catalog

    Phtalates/Plasticizers Catalog

    This is Chiron's first catalog with focus on Phthalates and Plasticisers

    Download the catalogue

  • Flame Retardants, Edition 3

    Flame Retardants, Edition 3

    Flame retardants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), are abundant in modern society - from clothing and carpets to couches and computers - they are added to a wide range of every day products in an attempt to reduce flammability or delay combustion. The name implies that they convey safety, but to the contrary they have been associated with numerous adverse and bio-accumulative health effects, including endocrine disruption, infertility, birth defects, lowered IQs, behavioral problems, and cancers. Ironically, when alight the toxic soup of burning chemicals and byproducts released, such as dioxins, furans and formaldehyde, can be more hazardous than the fire itself.
    Additionally, flame retardants persist in the environment – ??in water and soil – build up in wildlife, enter the food chain and are now global persistent organic pollutants (POPs) of concern. Despite the environmental and toxicological concerns, they are, and will for some time remain abundant in many consumer goods. Since disclosure of their use is unregulated many consumers remain unaware of their existence or the dangers they pose.
    Halogenated flame retardants, and particularly the brominated ones, have been used for decades, but concerns about their health risk have only been raised since the 2000's. The number of commercial flame retardants has been rather limited, less than 100 in total. New flame retardants containing various phosphorus-containing compounds have been introduced after the concerns arose around the halogenated forms. Also, flame retardants bonded to various inorganic, insoluble or polymeric organic entities have entered the market during the past years.



    Click here to view our newest offering of Flame Retardant Reference Material

  • Reference Materials for Water Analysis

    Reference Materials for Water Analysis

    Access to clean and safe water is essential for our global community. Less than 1% of the planet's water is usable as drinking water, yet there is increasing demand due to population growth. Sources for fresh water are ground and surface waters.

    Our drinking water needs to be free from harmful pollutants to ensure public health. Therefore, it is highly regulated in the industrialized world. Public water suppliers must regularly demonstrate that their water meets certain standards to ensure public trust. Drinking water is usually analyzed for primary (eg toxic substances from various sources) and secondary contaminants (eg taste, smell).

    Not only drinking water needs to be monitored. Controlling municipal wastewater treatment plants as well as industrial wastewater ensures the quality and sustainability of our ground water. This industry, as well as agricultural industry all over the world is dependent on reliable water supply.

    Chiron offers a large variety of organic reference materials for water analysis, including pharmaceuticals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs).

     

    Click here to view our newest offerings for Reference Materials for Water Analysis.

  • Pesticide Reference Material, Edition 3

    Pesticide Reference Material, Edition 3

    Pesticides are chemical agents used for controlling pests such as insects, diseases or weeds. They are often classified according to their target, and terms such as herbicides, insecticides and fungicides are used synonymously with pesticide. Pesticides are also classified according to chemical class such as organochlorines, organophosphates, and carbonates. The most common application of these chemicals is for crop protection. Despite their protective attributes, pesticides are potentially toxic to humans and to other exposed creatures. 

     

    Click here to view our newest offering on Pesticide Reference Materials